Postal Codes in Canada Information

Postal Codes in Canada Information In Canada, postal codes are utilized as a major aspect of each street number. They are intended to enable Canada To post, the Canadian Crown company which offers postal types of assistance in Canada, sort mail proficiently and precisely, regardless of whether its done precisely or by hand. Note: postal code is an official imprint (OM) of Canada Post Corporation. Look into Postal Codes for CanadaLook up postal codes for road addresses and country locations, or discover a scope of addresses for a postal code. Postal code locator device from Canada Post. Discover an Address for a Postal Code in CanadaFormerly called Reverse Search, Canada Post causes you discover full location data for a postal code you enter in this device. The Format of a Canadian Postal Code A Canadian postal code has six alphanumeric characters. There is a solitary space after the initial three characters. Model: ANA NANwhere A will be a capital letter of the letters in order and N is a number. The principal character in a postal code speaks to the region, or part of an area, or region. The principal set of three characters is the Forward Sortation Area or FSA. It gives the essential geographic arranging to mail. The second arrangement of characters is the Local Delivery Unit or LDU. It could show a little provincial network or in urban zones an area as explicit as an individual structure. The Canadian Postal Code in an Address Label In address names, postal codes ought to be set on a similar line of the location as the name of the region and contraction of area or domain. The postal code ought to be isolated from the territory condensing by two spaces. Example:NAME OF MEMBER OF PARLIAMENTHOUSE OF COMMONSOTTAWA ON K1A 0A6CANADA(Note: Canada isn't required for local mail) Helpful Uses of Postal Codes Just as making the arranging and conveyance of mail increasingly productive, postal codes are utilized for an assortment of different purposes in Canada - in showcasing for example. There are numerous ways for postal codes to be useful in everyday life. For instance: Utilize a postal code to discover the closest postal outlet.Find your administrative riding and individual from parliament.Find a Service Canada office close to you to get to data on central government programs.The Web locales of significant stores in Canada give store locators to discover the closest outlet utilizing a postal code.Most Canadian banks likewise haveâ online devices that utilization postal codes to discover the closest bank offices and ATMs and bank machines. Did You Know? Here are a couple of generally secret realities about Canadian postal codes. The Canadian postal code was first presented in Ottawa, Canadas capital, in 1971. For other noteworthy achievements in the advancement of postal administrations in Canada, see The Chronology of Canadian Postal History (since 1506) from the Museum of Canadian History.In 2011, there were roughly 834,000 postal codes in Canada, as indicated by Statistics Canada.Santa Claus has his own one of a kind postal code. See Write to Santa.All individuals from parliament have the equivalent postal code - K1A 0A6. Universal Postal Codes Different nations have comparable postal code frameworks. In the United States, ZIP codes are utilized. In the United Kingdom, they are called postcodes.

Source A GCSE History coursework :: essays research papers

This inquiry will examine how solid source An is, about people groups mentality towards women’s testimonial. Source A shows waomen holding papers and flyers hitting against the entryway, yet ‘John bull’ is blockading the entryway. ‘John Bull’ is depicted as the British Government not giving ladies access to parliament to get the vote, he has clench hands gripped and is resolved to not give ladies access. The ladies hitting against the entryway look revolting, fat, un-genteel and messy, the sketch artist might be one-sided towards ladies getting the vote. This is accentuated by the title ‘An Ugly Rush’. The ladies fighting might be the suffragists, the handouts and papers that the ladies are holding could be petitions and banners. They look like old maids. Out of sight there is a gathering of exquisite, formal luxurious and refined ladies, one lady has a youngster. Theories ladies might be glaring at the riffraff of ladies in disturb. It is conceivable that the ladies out of sight are the Anti-Suffrage League. The message of this animation is that men d on’t need ladies to have the vote. The individual who drew this container could have been a one-sided male, against women’s testimonial. This container was out in the late nineteenth century mid twentieth century. Punch magazine was distributed by a gathering of dissidents who battled for poor people and common laborers. By 1870 the magazine was in a difficult situation as it could just sell 6,000 duplicates every week except it expected to sell at any rate 10’000 duplicates seven days to pay for the endeavor. So the magazine began to speak to white collar class men. ‘John Bull’ turned into a typical figure in the magazine, around the nineteenth century. He was depicted as a saint of Britain. He regularly wore a Union Jack abdomen coat. This source may not be solid as it could have been drawn by a one-sided male. Yet, the source gives a few ladies not crusading for the vote, on the grounds that not all ladies needed to have the vote like high society ladies , they didn’t care since they had a decent life. The men enjoyed a portion of the ladies for not needing the vote so the visual artist in this source has commended them by making them look brilliant and exquisite, and not filthy and revolting. The Source isn’t extremely valuable in light of the fact that the sketch artist was one-sided towards women’s testimonial, so he could of made the battling ladies resemble a colossal sloppy riffraff.

Essentials, Nonessentials, and Junk

Essentials, Nonessentials, and Junk Everything we own can be placed in three piles. Essentials. Few possessions should fall into this pile. These are the necessities we cant live without: food, shelter, clothes. While the specifics change for each person, most of our needs are universal. Nonessentials. In an ideal world, most of the things we own would fit in this pile. These are the objects we want in our lives because they add value. Strictly speaking, I dont need a couch, a bookshelf, or a dining table in my livingroom, but these items enhance, amplify, or augment my experience of life. Junk. Sadly, most of our things belong in this pile. These are the artifacts we likeâ€"or, more accurately, think we likeâ€"but they dont serve a purpose or bring us joy. The average American home contains more than 300,000 items, and most of it is junk. While this junk often masquerades as indispensable, it actually gets in the way of a more meaningful life. Of course, the personal effects in these piles are different for everyone. The widgets that add value to my life might be junk to you, and vice versa. The key, then, is to continue to question the things we bring into our lives, and to question the things we hold onto, because the stuff that adds value today might be tomorrows junk. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

HM Pestel - 622 Words

Political*Being a Swedish based company means Hamp;M have to follow Swedish legislation. * Like many other brand stores, Hamp;M’s stock is produced overseas. This is because of minimum wage laws which prevent workers in the UK working for below anything else. Employing workers in less developed countries mean Hamp;M can maximise their profits. *Price of cotton has increased rapidly as supplies are becoming limited. Hamp;M promote basic cotton ranges therefore they use mass amounts of cotton. If cotton prices do not start to fall, Hamp;M will have to increase their prices to maximise profits, which will draw away possible consumers that shop there to take advantage of their inexpensive clothing. | Economical *Hamp;M are known for†¦show more content†¦| Technological*Hamp;M have recently introduced an online shopping website. This is beneficial to those with children at home or who work long hours and do not necessarily have time to go shopping.*Hamp;M is known for fast fashion and averagely takes 12 weeks to get their clothes from the designing stage into their store. Advanced printing machines are used to mass produce yet keep their high quality of clothing.*Hamp;M’s website promotes their company through weekly newsletters and trend blogs. This is appealing to those who want to dress fashionable but are unsure what trends go together. They also advertise events and special offers on their website. This promotes their store to the segment of consumers that shop online and have an email network. | Legal*Like many high street store, Hamp;M have had accusations that they employ underage workers in illegal sweatshop factories. The poor working conditions and small wages put many consumers off of purchasing their clothes as they do not want to promote this work. Hamp;M sponsor charities to help raise awareness of this.*The Sales of Good Act is the only legislation that protects consumers from companies. Hamp;M have a returns policy that is clear and states the consumer is entitled to a full refund or exchange within the allocated time and within a resalable, unless faulty, condition. | Environmental*Hamp;M have an OrganicShow MoreRelatedHM Swot and Pestel2208 Words   |  9 PagesTwitter Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Description of the Organisation 4 PESTEL-Analysis 6 SWOT-Analysis 7 * Strengths 7 * Weaknesses 9 * Opportunities 9 * Threats 10 Ethical behaviour and corporate social responsibility 11 Conclusion 12 Bibliography 13 Executive Summary HM is a great company in many aspects. It may be Sweden’s most recognised company after IKEA. It all startedRead MorePestel for HM in China5292 Words   |  22 PagesPESTEL China 1. Politics Today’s China is the most populous country in the world and is so one of the most important political and economical forces in the world. 1.1. Country name In English China is official called â€Å"People’s Republic of China† https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html and in Chinese â€Å"Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo† https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html. 1.2. Capital The capital of China is Beijing, which is locatedRead MoreHM Analysis1227 Words   |  5 PagesAB (HM). We will analyse on it using PESTEL, Porter’s Five Forces and SWOT to get a clear concept of what HM is today and where it can go. This positioning will be helpful in strategy designing. Company activities HM was established in Và ¤sterà ¥s, Sweden in 1947 by Erling Persson. We now sell clothes and cosmetics in around 2.200 stores around the world. * HM offers fashion and quality at the best price * HM offers fashion for women, men,teenagers and children. * HM alsoRead MoreCase Study: HM in Fast Fashion: Continued Success. Essay3141 Words   |  13 PagesTitle: Case Study: HM in Fast Fashion: Continued Success. Word count:2638 Abstract This report contains the analysis of value and culture of reputable apparel retailer HM, as well as three analysis method, which is PETEL, Porter’s five forces, and VRIO framework, to analyse the external influence factors, competitors, and competitive advantages of HM. Three new potential strategies are tested by using the model of Johnson and Scholes, and one proper strategy willRead MoreHow Mergers And Acquisition Affect Financial Performance1170 Words   |  5 PagesStudent Name: Wenqing Gu Student ID: 201114686 Title: Can company create value through MA in technology industry? Research area – according to different data btw acquiring firms and target firms to analysis their company value changes before after in disclosure date. Company choiceï ¼Å¡ Cisco system Inc, Lenovo Group Ltd, Microsoft Corporation Objectives The report will focus on analysis what kind of impact will affect companies’ financial performance and its value through companies’ mergersRead MoreH M : The World s Third Biggest Fashion Retailer979 Words   |  4 PagesHM Introduction HM is the world’s second-biggest fashion retailer which first store opened in Vasteras, Sweden in 1947(ThisisMoney, 2015). This essay will demonstrate in terms of the Porter’s â€Å"Five Forces of competition Analysis† with the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis and a briefly recommendation. These factors will discuss in turn. The PESTEL analysis will be append in this essay. Five Forces of Competition Analysis The Threat of Entry As the suppliers are easyRead MoreStrategy Management983 Words   |  4 PagesModel for CRH Strategy literature offers many techniques and models suited for systematic strategic analysis. The SWOT analysis, the PESTEL analysis, the Five Forces analysis framework are the prime examples of techniques that can be adopted for strategic analysis. This assignment will use PESTEL and Five forces model to analysis the environment of CRH plc. PESTEL analysis is to identify and analyze the strategy and business environment, it is stand for Political, Economic, Social, TechnologicalRead Moreheypih Essay2506 Words   |  11 PagesMMM365 T2 2014 HM Individual Case Analysis Word count: 2393 Q1. What do you think is the most critical strategic issue confronting HM? Explain your answer by drawing on relevant topics in Strategic Management The most critical strategic issue that HM needs to confront is the declining market position in relation to the rapid expansion of Zara and other fashion retailers. Hennes and Maurtiz, or also known for short as HM, is a big billion dollar Swedish fashionRead MoreA Short Note On Individual Marketing Pl H M1761 Words   |  8 PagesSubmission Date December 22nd, 2015 Executive Summary HM is one of the most popular worldwide fashion clothing company that attempting for sustained brand awareness, market share and income growth. This report will practice the justification behind this statement, including the company’s current situation within Thailand clothing industry and current trends by using various difference tools such as PESTEL, Porter’s 5 Forces, and SWOT. This will then show a detailed marketing strategyRead MoreThe Rise Of E Commerce1440 Words   |  6 Pagesmarket in Asia for HM and CA. On 1964 the first Hennes store outside Sweden open in Norway, on 1978 the first store outside Scandinavia opens in London, in the UK, on 1990s progress continues in Europe with the opening of the first store in France in 1998.Newspapre and magazine advertising is complemented by outdoor advertising featuring famous models .on 2007 the first Asian stores open in Hong Kong and Shanghai. On 2009 the new store in Beijing of HM was finally opened. So far, HM has opened 14

Beaver Brothers Case Study - 1424 Words

Summary Beaver Brothers, Inc. is conducting a study to assess the accuracy, and consistency of their 150-gram bar soap production line. They are interested in seeking; the reliability, average weight and range of each soap bar. By conducting this study Beaver Brothers, Inc. wants to see the consistency of their machines, dependability of their marketing tools and the level of assurance that they are promoting and supplying trustworthy products to their consumers. Beaver Brother, Inc. achieves their wanted information by collecting 25 samples of 5 observations and recorded the data in a table. The task is to use these collected samples to create; means, graphs, and tables to present the data and draw conclusions about the production†¦show more content†¦The greater the Cp and the closer the Cpk is to the Cp, indicates a higher level of working capacity. These values can be calculated using the Process Capability module on the POM software. Parameter Value Results Value Upper tolerance limit 170 Process capability index 0.08 The actual process capability is Cpk = -0.08 Lower tolerance limit 162 Upper one sided index 0.8392 The potential process capability is Cp = 0.4596 Mean (optional) 162.6959 Lower one sided index 0.08 Standard deviation 2.9012 Table 1 shows the factors used in finding out the actual results of; Cp, and Cpk from the initial study. With a suggested Cp of 1.33 to demonstrate that the production line is well centered, and working at a high rate, you can see that the initial results do not suggest this. The Cp is well below the recommended index at 0.4596, suggesting that the process needs to be altered to make improvements. It is also visible that the Cpk (0.08) has a much less number in comparison to the Cp. This implies that this process is not working to its full potential. Consequently it is necessary that Beaver Brothers, Inc makes further improvements to create a more centered, higher potential productivity rate. c) After improvements, and collecting more samples the results of the Cp and Cpk are as follows: Parameter Value Results Value Upper tolerance limitShow MoreRelatedAdvance Problem #301422 Words   |  6 PagesSummary Beaver Brothers, Inc. is conducting a study to assess the accuracy, and consistency of their 150-gram bar soap production line. They are interested in seeking; the reliability, average weight and range of each soap bar. By conducting this study Beaver Brothers, Inc. wants to see the consistency of their machines, dependability of their marketing tools and the level of assurance that they are promoting and supplying trustworthy products to their consumers. Beaver Brother, Inc. achieves theirRead More The Evolution of the American Television Family Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesThe Evolution of the American Television Family Television is not just a form of entertainment, but it is an excellent form of study of society’s view concerning its families. This study focuses on the history of television beginning in the early 1950s and will run through present day. It examines the use of racial, ethnic and sexual stereotypes to characterize the players of these shows. The examples assist in tracing what has happened to the depiction of the American family on prime timeRead MoreMedia Changes The World For The Worst1565 Words   |  7 Pageseither emotional or academic problems, or both. My own research indicates that boys, especially, suffer from these transitions, says Kay S. Hymowitz. After parents are split up, there may come a time when another parental unit comes into play, but studies show that a new parent often makes things worse. Not only does separation cause anxiety, it may also crush the child s view on relationships. When a child witnesses their parents marriage crumbling, it s possib le that she may adapt a pessimisticRead MoreThe Role Of The Father Has Changed Today s Society964 Words   |  4 Pagescare and housework, though women still do the majority, according to a Pew Research study released in March. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 24 million children in America- one out of every three—live in biological father-absent homes. Nine in ten American parents this is a â€Å"crisis† (National Fatherhood Initiative, 2014. This information is the opposite of what was shown in TV shows such as Leave it to Beaver and Good Times where the father was present and active in their children’s life. TodayRead MoreBeaver Wars and the Relationship between Europeans and American Indians2919 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿The Beaver Wars and the European/American Indian Relationship Introduction Genocide is not a feature of warfare or rule that can be unilaterally blamed on European nations. It was a natural outgrowth of a peoples desire to devastate another group of people for some purpose such as to steal land or gain an economic advantage. The Europeans who sailed to North America were skilled in this particular form of warfare having practiced it on one another for centuries, but they did not have to introduceRead More Family Life: The Importance of Parental Relationships Essay3194 Words   |  13 Pageswhen the parents are happily married and remain together, the family and relationships can be dysfunctional. Sometimes, parental involvement can create chaos and complete crises. In Normal Family Processes, W. Robert Beavers and Robert B. Hampson explore the spectrum of families. Beavers and Hampson conclude that â€Å"[i]n these [dysfunctional] families and individuals, a basic developmental task, that of evolving trust, has been aborted and remains unfinished† (89). Because of a lack of family rules andRead MoreThe Mystery Of Church793 Words   |  4 Pagesfunctions, revivals, and other social events, all added to the motivation of why my Dad loved entertaining and all and sundry loved Mr. Alfred and his guitar. Nevertheless, even though my Dad came from a sizeable, extremely religious family, (eighteen brothers and sisters that appeared highly respected), he somewhat walked on the wild side or insistently in the middle of the road. Due to his early musical training, helped program him on a lingering road amusing others with his talent; for in the army duringRead More A Sociological view of Divorce Essays4317 Words   |  18 PagesCleavers. Wise and wonderful Ward. A pal as well as a Dad. June. The perfect wife and mother. Big brother Wally. Popular, smart and athletic – one tough act to follow. And last but definitely not least, hapless, irrepressible Theodore, a.k.a. â€Å"the Beaver,† just a regular kid trying his best to stay out of trouble while finding a thousand ways to place himself at trouble’s doorstep. Leave it to Beaver. It was the television hit in the ‘60s that hallmarked the phrase, â€Å" The American Family† and madeRead MoreThe Past And Present Defining Characteristics Of The Sami Peoples1712 Words   |  7 Pagessome cases, loss of community. It is important to evaluate both the past and present defining characteristics of the Sami peoples to fully understand their culture. One of the most well known characterisitics of the Sami is their skill in reindeer pastoralism. Though, pastoralism was not their initial mode of substiance, instead, the Sami began as a hunter gatherer society. As northern Europe is subject to extreme and lengthy winters, the Sami caught and harvested what they could. Beaver, reindeerRead MoreMass Media And Reflection Of Society2345 Words   |  10 Pagesfamily members. Looking at the father who served roles as the sole provider, authoritarian and wise counselor for his wife and children exemplified by TV dads such as Ward Cleaver, played by Hugh Beaumont, on the 50 s television show â€Å"Leave It To Beaver†. Over the next sixty years or so, father’s roles would change as the structure of the family continued its transformation. In a review of the book, The Sitcom Reader: America Viewed and Skewed, Choice magazine cited the sitcom as a window into

Qar Reading Strategy Free Essays

Grade Level(s)| K-3| When? | Literary Focus| Before| Fluency| During| Comprehension| After| Vocabulary| | Writing| | Oral Language| Q. A. R. We will write a custom essay sample on Qar Reading Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Question-Answer-Relationships) Question-Answer Relationships, or QAR, is a reading comprehension strategy developed to aid in the approach that students take when reading texts and answering questions about that text. Students learn to categorize types of questions which in turn help them know where to find information. It encourages students to be active, strategic readers of texts. QAR  outlines  where information can be found â€Å"In the Text† or â€Å"In my Head. It then breaks down the actual question-answer relationships into four types: Right There, Think and Search, Author and Me, and On My Own. (Fisher, D. , Brozo, W. G. , Frey, N. , Ivey, G, 2011, pg. 81) STEP-BY-STEP and EXAMPLE Chosen text: Frog and Toad Together, by Arnold Lobel 1. Hook/Engagement–Begin by reviewing what students have already learned about how to ask questions as a way to understand the meaning of texts. For example using this reading asks them to talk about the kinds of questions they can ask before, during, and after reading. Next, introduce the idea that there are two kinds of questions you can ask about texts. Explain to students that an â€Å"In the Text† question is a question that students can find the answer to by looking in the book that they are reading. An â€Å"In My Head† question is a question that requires students to think about what their own knowledge is to answer the question. Review a book that you have recently read aloud with students. Write the example below on a piece of chart paper or on the blackboard. Choose a few â€Å"In the Text† and â€Å"In My Head† questions about the book that obviously belong to one category or the other, and have students tell you in which column to write the question. When you give students a literal question, have them show you where they found the answer in the book. When you ask them an â€Å"In My Head† question, go through the book with them and show them that they couldn’t find the answer in the book. Have them give answers to the â€Å"In My Head† questions and explain how they answered them ( thinking about what they have learned that is not in the book). Here are some examples of the two types: â€Å"In the Text† questions| â€Å"In my Head† questions| What is the title of the book? What is the author’s name? How long is the book? | Do I like the title? Have I read any other books by this author? How long will it take me to read this book? | Explain that they are going to learn more and ask these types of questions about a new book you are going to read together. 2. Measurable Objectives–Explain that you are going to read the first three chapters of Frog and Toad Together aloud to them, and they are going to help you make a list of â€Å"In the Text† and â€Å"In My Head† questions. Then, they are going to help you answer the questions and see how these types of questions will help them to understand the story. 3. Focused Instruction–Review with students the four types of questions explained in the QAR Strategy. Explain that there are two types of â€Å"In the Text† questions and two types of â€Å"In My Head† questions. Draw a copy of the QAR table on chart paper or on the blackboard or use an overhead projector. The table should look something like this: â€Å"In the Text† questions| â€Å"In My Head† questions| Right There| Think and Search| Author and Me| On my Own| Read the first chapter, â€Å"A List,† from Frog and Toad Together aloud to students. Next, write the questions listed below under the â€Å"Right There† heading. Read the questions aloud, look through the chapter, show the students where you found the answer, and then think aloud the answer. . Right There i. What is the first thing Toad writes on his list? â€Å"When I turn to page 4, I see that the first thing Toad writes on his list is ‘Wake up. ‘† ii. Who is the friend Toad goes to see? â€Å"When I turn to page 9, I see that Toad goes to see Frog. † Next , write these questions under the â€Å"Think and Search† heading. Read the questions aloud and then think aloud the answers. b. Think and Search iii. What caused Toad to forget what was on his list? â€Å"I read that Toad’s list blew away and Frog did not catch it, so that is why Toad couldn’t remember what was on his list. iv. How did Toad finally remember what was the last thing on his list was? â€Å"Frog reminded Toad that it was getting dark and they should be going to sleep – the last thing on Toad’s list. † Next, write these questions under the â€Å"Author and Me† heading. Read the questions aloud and then think aloud the answers. c. Author and Me v. What do you think of Toad’s list? â€Å"I think that writing a list of things to do is a good idea. But, Toad could have left off some things, like waking up or getting dressed, because he doesn’t need to be reminded to do that. † vi. Did you agree with the reason Toad gives for not chasing after his list? â€Å"No. I think that he should have chased after his list, even if it that wasn’t one of the things on his list. He couldn’t have written that on his list anyway because he didn’t know the list would blow away. † Next, write these questions under the â€Å"On My Own† heading. Read the questions aloud and then think aloud the answers. d. On My Own vii. Have you or somebody in your family even written a list of things to do? â€Å"Yes. I have written a list of things that I have to do on a weekend day because that is not like a school day. On weekends, I do lots of different things, so I have to write a list to remind myself of all the things I have to do. † viii. What would you do if you lost your to-do list and couldn’t find it? â€Å"I would look for it for a while and if I couldn’t find it, I’d write a new list of things to do. † 4. This would be followed up with guided practice, independent practice, assessment, and the reflecting/planning. References Fisher, D. , Brozo, W. G. , Frey, N. , Ivey, Gay. (2011). 50 Instructional Routines to Develop Content Literacy. Boston:Pearson. How to cite Qar Reading Strategy, Essay examples

The Pequot War free essay sample

Furthermore, an alternative hypothesis is given in which English authorities’ eagerness was the chief cause for intertribal warfare. |(no detected biases) | |Puritans and Pequots: The Question Of Genocide ( Primary Source: The New England Quarterly, Volume 68, No2, page 278-293 ) (Paper) |Michael Freeman |Feb 4, 2005 |The paper is author’s â€Å"genocide† concept analysis and a interpretive concern whether Puritans committed genocide against the Pequots or not. (no detected biases) | |A True Relation Of The Late Battell Fought In New England, Between The English And The Salvages: With The Present State Of Things There (Book) |Philip Vincent |unknown |The book is a synopsis account of the crucial engagement of the Pequot war, which occurred 6 months after the Mystic Massacre. |He proudly indicated that English was the first â€Å"discoverers† of the New World, which was settled by Native Americans thousands of years ago. Another â€Å"superior race† biased ideology. He claimed New England’s land could only be fertile by â€Å"industrious hands. (no detected biases) | |A True Relation Of The Late Battell Fought In New England, Between The English And The Salvages: With The Present State Of Things There (Book) |Philip Vincent |unknown |The book is a synopsis account of the crucial engagement of the Pequot war, which occurred 6 months after the Mystic Massacre. |He proudly indicated that English was the first â€Å"discoverers† of the New World, which was settled by Native Americans thousands of years ago. Another â€Å"superior race† biased ideology. He claimed New England’s land could only be fertile by â€Å"industrious hands. † | |Battle Of Mystic Fort (Woodcut) |John Underhill |unknown |The wood cut is a bird-eye, general view depiction of the Battle of Mystic Fort in 1637. |(no detected biases) | | SOURCE ANALYSIS First of all, Michael Freeman’s â€Å"Puritans and Pequots: The Question of Genocide† is examined as an informative source for this aspect of United States history. There are two crucial themes the author pointed out in the article: conflict’s importance and how it’s related to the term â€Å"genocide†. Firstly, there were four fundamental reasons for the conflict between European settlers and native people. The first large-scale chief cause for its cruciality is the first violent confrontation between the English colonists in New England against indigenous people. Additionally, this is also considered as the first violent encounter between the Puritans and native Americans. Moreover, the mentioned incident could be seen as an episode in the history of United States of America’s establishment. Ultimately, the Pequot event is a typical instance of inter-ethnic violence between colonial settlers and autochthonous people. Furthermore, the term genocide ( which was coined in the World War II period of time by Raphael Lemkin, ) means a political crime for deliberately devastating an ethnic group or a nation in large-scale circumstances, which was proclaimed by Freeman to determine the comparison between the Puritans’ Pequot campaign to attack Indians’ village and the concept genocide nowadays. Now, lets take a look at Cramer’s â€Å"The Pequot War Another View†. The author provided us with a reliable history detail that there was a serious disadvantage in identifying the truth for the Pequot war, that is, we are all dependent on English and Dutch written records. And obviously, this one-side incident documentaries from these parties could be possibly interest in their action justification. Furthermore, we could not also eliminate these remnants and rely only on archeological evidences, which are inadequate and inaccurate. This handicapped fact plays an essential role in Pequot war analysis process as well as hypothesis to explain. As an overview, Cramer’s paper did a good job on providing vital theories to explain the incident then and now, which is a complement to Freeman’s article about the conflict importances we discussed before. The first most popular theory for Pequot war’s motivation is â€Å"just war† ideology by the Puritans. More specifically, by assertion of â€Å"fierce, cruel, and warlike People than the Rest of the Indians† and the death of Captain John Stone by a Pequot warrior, it was a serious necessity for European colonists to assault Pequot stronghold at all cost. The later theory in mid nineteenth theory was aimed to claim that it was a savagely, aggressive action of English colonists to fight back the Pequot Indians. In addition, the colonists had already taken advantages of the hostilities and conflicts between Indians tribes to start out the war. The most recently theory was given in 1960s pointed out that the profoundly cause for the assault due to the desire of English authorities, especially Massachusetts, to expand their trade routes with Indians tribes. The last useful information about Pequot war Cramer brought into his paper was the cast of Pequot drama. On the side of colonists’ governments, we had Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colony, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. On the indigenous’ side, there were also four significant Indians tribes, namely, Narragansett, Niantic, Mohegan, and the Block Islanders. The third sources i would like to mention is the popular book by John Mason A Brief History Of The Pequot War and â€Å"A True Relation Of The Late Battell Fought In New England, Between The English And The Salvages: With The Present State Of Things There† by Philip Vincent. Both were literally books that were written by the contemporary period of time. The first thing that surprised the readers was the old English writing style and aged english words by the authors, which could be somehow a barrier for spectators to understand and follow the flows of story-telling style. The information was mostly the authors’ feelings and tellings about the events from stem to stern: from New England depicting to the inside causes of Pequot war. PAPER â€Å"It was a great ball game and everybody participated. Pequot is a good ball club and they beat us earlier. This was probably the best game we played all year. Im proud of the girls really proud of them. † (Harold Chitwood) Pequot war was a violent conflict between English colonists and their Native American allies against another indigenous tribe called Pequot, which occurred in the years from 1637 to 1638. For the most considerings, the Pequot war was described as one of the most first sanguinary warfare that took place in America. Additionally, this bloody conflict could be considered as an essential episode in United States of America’s history. This paper is aimed to break down the Pequot war from soup to nuts, which starts with the Pequot tribe’s origin, the battle’s causes, participants, battle development process, and eventually the aftermath of the incident. Foremost, a closer look at Pequot people and their dawn of settlement are analyzed in order to understand more insightful about the Pequot war. Pequot people were a Native American ethnic group , who occupied in American eastern region nowadays called Connecticut, in roughly 17th century. While many historians believed that the Pequots migrated to central and south Connecticut from upper Hudson River in early 16th century, some debated that they were Connecticut indigenous residents for thousands of years. They were considerably dominant in economics, military as well as political establishment; their population varied around 16,000, which was the most densely inhabitance tribe in New England. After the dreadful epidemic in 1633, came along with the Pequot war, their population significantly decreased to only approximately 3,000 people. Nowadays, there are only two Pequot communities in Connecticut, which are legally acknowledged by the United States, namely, Mashantucket Pequot Tribe Of Connecticut and Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation. (1) Before interpreting the Pequot war, lets remind ourselves the era of conquest to New World of Europeans. By the late 15th century, with advantages in new technologies as well as population growth and government supports, many European superior nations includes England, Netherlands, Spain, and French started their voyages across Atlantic to New World. They made contact with indigenous people for mutual beneficial relationships through trading. Time by time, trading with europeans had become a crucial role in many Native American tribes, Pequot was not an exception. Before the inception of the war, the effort to dominate fur trade with europeans, a political division between Pequot and Mohegan occurred, which resulted in different trading alliance: Mohegan with the English and Pequot with the Dutch. Tensions were sparked between the Pequots and other Indians tribes due to a series of fur trading-related contemporary incidents. (2) Next, the causes for Pequot war are broke down. There is a large pool of assumptions and ideas for the causes of Pequot war, some are biases, others may not be reliable. Regarding to many historians and documentaries, there are three fundamental theories for the Pequot war to broke out by Clayton E. Cramer’s The Pequot War Another View article. First of all, the oldest theory claimed that Pequot’s actions was the chief motivation for the conflict. As mentioned before, the Dutch was primary trade subject of Pequot tribe, as an retaliation for the death of their sachem, Tatobem, who was kidnapped for ransom by the Dutch during a vessel trade, the Pequot assaulted and murdered an English captain, John Stone and seven of his crew with unawareness about the nationality of John Stone, mistook him with an Dutch businessman. By the assertion of Pequot people, who were fierce, cruel, and warlike, the death of Captain John Stone was a pedal for English colonists to burn down their fortification at Mystic, which will be discussed later in this paper. In 1856, a contrary theory was given by many historians, which asserted that the English colonists’ authorities was driving force for the violent encounter. More specifically, the English took advantages of profoundly tensions between the Pequots and other Indians’ tribes to deploy the raid campaign. Nonetheless, Europeans’ Native American tribes alliance was basically an passive factor. Ultimately, the most recently hypothesis as well as the most modern one believed that the English colonists desired to occupy Pequot land to expand their favorable trading process and political domination over New England. As easily observation, we can see all above three debated theories both have a acceleration force by the English colonizers, the authorities wanted to show off their civilization dominance over the Indians, as a proof for the biassed expression: â€Å"superior race† at the first days they came to New World. 3) Furthermore, participants in the drama of Pequot war also played a significant role in the battle as a general view. First of all, on the side of the English settlers, we have Massachusetts Bay colony, which was run by John Winthrop and Sir Henry Vane in separated intervals; Plymouth colony whose governors Edward Winslow and William Bradford; Thomas Hooker in Connecticut and finally Roger Williams’ Rhode Island. In addition, Captain John Mason and John Underhill, who were military commanders were also important figures on the assault of Fort Mystic. Secondly, notable Indians tribe were the Pequots, the Mohegan, the Niantics, and the Narragansett came along with many indispensable Indians characters, namely, Sassacus, Pequot’ sachem, Uncas, the sachem of the Mohegan, Miantonomo Narragansett’s prominent sachem, and Wequash, sagamore of the Niantics. Above listed participants are divided into two sides, the first side is English colonists with their allies the Mohegan and the Narragansett. On the opposite party, the Pequot allied with the Niantics to fight against the colonists and their traditional enemies. (4) Now, lets examine step-by-step development of the Pequot war, which is divided into three important stages: Block Island incident, the Pequot’s raid, and the Mystic Massacre. Afterwards the incident of John Stone’s death, the dead-alone case of John Oldham in his pinnace, Block Island, was considerably a accelerator for the inception of Pequot war. By the founded evidence, Narragansett and Block Island native people were accused for the death of Mr. Oldham. Subsequently, Miantomono the supreme sachem of Narragansett returned Oldham’s two sons and his properties as appeasement and raised an army of roughly two hundred warriors to Block Island for vengeance on behalf of Massachusetts. To seek for their own revenge, John Endicott and approximately ninety men were commissioned by Massachusetts’ authorities to strike Block Island, burned down their enemies’ crops, canoes, and shelters. Later on, Commander John Edicott decided to chase down the Pequots to retaliate for the death of Captain John Stone and John Oldham but he failed to engage and sailed back home to Boston. (5) â€Å"They had commission to put to death the men of Block Island, but to spare the women and children, and to bring them away, and to take possession of the island, and from then to go to the Pequots to demand the murderers of Captain Stone and other English † (John Winthrop, Massachusetts’ governor) The second stage of the war was the wrath of the Pequots and their raids. While Massachusetts cooperated with Mohegan and Narragansett as there allies to fight against the Pequots, who were in a preparation to enhance their military strength by recruiting 36 tributary villages and western Niantics. On April, 1637, the Pequots stroke Wethersfield as an recrimination, which was asked by Sowheag who was dispossessed sachem by the settlers of Wethersfield. Six men and three women were murdered, two young girls were kidnapped, possessions were destroyed. As a climax, general Court of Connecticut claimed war against the Pequots a week after the raid event. The governor of Connecticut summoned Captain John Mason and ninety English militia, who were supported by seventy Mohegan’ soldiers under the command of their paramount sachem, Uncas. At Fort Saybrook, Captain John Mason’s army joined with Captain John Underhill and his twenty men. The plan of the troop was to sail from Fort Saybrook to Narragansett Bay and then land at Fort Mystic to prepare for a surprise attack on the Pequots’ village before dawn. (6) â€Å"We had formerly concluded to destroy them by the sword and save the plunder. † (Captain John Mason) The last stage of the warfare was the bloody Mystic Massacre. Sassacus, Pequot’ sachem, believed English sailed back to Boston, recruited a army of hundreds of men in order to strike Hartford. Thus, the remaining of the Pequots’ villagers were mostly women, children, and elders. The attack took place in 26 May, 1637, with an altogether ground forces of more than 400 men, Captain John Mason commanded English militia to attack the interior of the village, set the wigwams on fire, their Native Americans’ allies supported the English by the exterior. Roughly 600 to 700 Pequots inhabitants were killed, everyone who tried to climb over the palisade were murdered by the English militia or Indians allies, a small number of Pequots escaped to the woods or were captured as prisoners. Later on, after witnessing the terrifying destructions of their homeland in Mystic, group of Pequots’ men attempted to chase down the English, who had already returned to their home with their Indians’ allies, but failed to do so. The mission was accomplished by Captain John Mason, who justified his missions by the desire of God to punish a fierce, cruel, aggressive race. 7) As an aftermath of the Pequot war, the Treaty of Hartford was considered as a disposition agreement on Pequots’ lands between Indians’ tribes the Mohegans and Narragansetts and English’s Connecticut General Court. On the Pequots’ survivors side, many of them failed to find new shelters in neighborhood Indians’ tribe and eventually gave up their hope by selling themselves as slaves to Bermuda or West Indies, others were offered as households servants for English in Connecticut and Massachusetts. Since the Mystics Massacre, a long-term peace lasted between Indians and colonists because many indigenous people were too frightened to fight against the foreign settlers. (8) In conclusion, it’s not excessive to claim that Pequot war was one of the most dreadful battle inn the early history page of the United States of America, the first violent encounter between Puritans and Native American, it was also considered as an inter-ethnic violence, which was related by the term â€Å"genocide† by Michael Freeman’s book. This paper is built based on useful and diverse information of multiple analyzed sources, Cramer provided us with causes and participants of the warfare, Freeman complemented with many battle development stages while two other books from Captain John Mason and Phillip Vincent provided with detail descriptions and popular quoting in the battle segments of the paper.

Bamboozled essays

Bamboozled essays The movie Bamboozled, I thought, brought an interesting point on how African Americans are thought of and treated. Bamboozled revealed most of the racism that goes on television. This was mostly about a television show that had a comedy, dance, and singing act, but the thing was that this show only had black performers. These people were dressed with colorful clothes, they painted their lips bright red and most of them had big afro like hair. Many people were offended by this show because of what it symbolized. Old cartoon characters of black people were always animated as people with really dark skin, big re lips, and big ugly hair. This movie brought up some topics that I had an issue with, which is on how black people are viewed in the eyes of others. Many people think that most of the thieves, murders, and hoodlums are black people. Of course, it isnt that black people are judge crudely just because of the color of their skin, but because of the reputation that many other black people make for them selves. For example, rappers, gangster, and plane old people from the ghetto, give many black people a bad name by the violent way they act and other people are stuck with the idea that all black people are the same way too. I guess many people have a different thought on how black people are, but I think they should wait till they get to know the actual person instead of by the color of theyre skin. I liked Bamboozled because of how it showed how much racism is going on, but one thing that I thought they should have shown is that black people arent the only ones looked down on. ...

Overview and Book List for A Merlin Mission Books

Overview and Book List for A Merlin Mission Books The Magic Tree House Merlin Missions include Books # 29 and up in the wildly popular Magic Tree House series by Mary Pope Osborne. Like the first 28 books of the Magic Tree House series, each of the books subtitled A Merlin Mission features the magic tree house and time travel adventures of brother and sister Jack and Annie, but there is also a lot thats different. The time travel missions of Jack and Annie are now assigned by Merlin the Magician from Camelot, which is why the subtitle for every Magic Tree House book from book #29 on is A Merlin Mission.  The Magic Tree House, A Merlin Mission books are designed for kids who are ready for more advanced books than those in the first 28 books of the series for young independent readers. What to Expect Books #29 and higher are generally between 105 and 115 pages long, about 40 pages longer than books #1-28. They are also at a higher reading level, mostly between 2.4 and 3.4, and the target audience moves from 6 to 10 to 7 to 10 or 11 for the later books. Jack and Annie have also moved up in age. Jack is 11 now, and Annie is 10. Most of the books have several pages of facts and activities at the end. A chapter from the next book in the series is also provided. Like all of the other books in the Magic Tree House series, Sal Murdocca illustrated books #29 and up, with one or more engaging illustrations per chapter. New secondary characters and more complicated plots are now the norms. The overarching goal of each mission, which takes four books to complete, is more emphasized. For example, in books #33-36, Jack and Annie have to go on four missions, each to a real place and time, to demonstrate that they can use magic wisely. As a result of a successful mission in Venice, Baghdad, Paris and New York City, they receive a special award, the Wand of Dianthus, described as a powerful magic wand that would help them make their own magic. (Source, MTH #39, page 2) However, readers can continue to read and enjoy the books independently of one another, and in the order they prefer. At the beginning of the later books, author Mary Pope Osborne shares information about how her own experiences and interests relate to the books subject. In a portion of her letter to readers in Eve of the Emperor Penguin, Magic Tree House book #40, Osborne explains: While I was writing this book, I combined my memories of watching the penguins at the zoo with my research on Antarctica. And I used my imagination to think about Jack and Annie searching for a secret of happiness to share with Merlin. I always mix these three things together to create a Magic Tree House books: memory, research, and imagination. But theres one other ingredient that goes into my work on this series: joy. I love to write - and I love sharing Jack and Annie s adventures with you. One of the reasons Osborne receives so many letters from young readers is that her letters to readers make them feel that they have a personal connection with her. For more about Mary Pope Osborne and her books, check out these interviews with her: Magic Tree House Series Author Interview and 20th Anniversary of the Magic Tree House Interview With Mary Pope Osborne. As of March 2016, there was a total of 54 Magic Tree House books, with more forthcoming. All Merlin Mission books are first published in hardcover and, then, in paperback. They are also available in library binding and as audiobooks and eBooks. Also, there are 26 Magic Tree House Fact Tracker books, research guides, companion nonfiction books for some of the books in the series. Happily, ever since book #42, a Fact Tracker is published at the same time each new book in the Magic Tree House series is published. For more information about the nonfiction books, see Spotlight on the Magic Tree House Fact Tracker Books. List of Magic Tree House Books #29-48 (Merlin Missions) Christmas in Camelot, Magic Tree House, Book #29Haunted Castle On Hallow’s Eve, Magic Tree House, Book #30Summer Of The Sea Serpent, Magic Tree House, Book #31Winter Of The Ice Wizard, Magic Tree House, Book #32Carnival at Candlelight, Magic Tree House, Book #33Season of the Sandstorms, Magic Tree House, Book #34Night of the New Magicians, Magic Tree House, Book #35Blizzard of the Blue Moon, Magic Tree House, Book #36Dragon of the Red Dawn, Magic Tree House, Book #37Monday with a Mad Genius, Magic Tree House, Book #38Dark Day in the Deep Sea, Magic Tree House, Book #39Eve of the Emperor Penguin, Magic Tree House, Book #40Moonlight on the Magic Flute, Magic Tree House, Book #41A Good Night for Ghosts, Magic Tree House, Book #42Leprechaun in Late Winter, Magic Tree House, Book #43A Ghost Tale for Christmas Time, Magic Tree House, Book #44A Crazy Day with Cobras, Magic Tree House, Book #45Dogs in the Dead of Night, Magic Tree House, Book #46Abe Lincoln at Last!, Magic Tree House, Book #47 A Perfect Time for Pandas, Magic Tree House, Book #48Stallion by Starlight, Magic Tree House, Book #49Hurry Up, Houdini!, Magic Tree House, Book #50High Time for Heroes, Magic Tree House, Book #51Soccer on Sunday, Magic Tree House, Book #52Shadow of the Shark, Magic Tree House, Book #53Balto of the Blue Dawn, Magic Tree House, Book #54 The Allure Finding a series your child loves can pay off in helping them to develop their reading skills. The nice thing about the Magic Tree House series by Mary Pope Osborne is that there are so many choices in terms of subjects and books and children can enjoy the books over time as they build their reading skills. The Magic Tree House books are also popular with teachers, particularly those teaching grades 2-4. Mary Pope Osbornes Magic Tree House Classroom Adventures Program site contains a great deal of information that will be helpful to teachers and parents alike in terms of reading levels and curriculum connections, as well as lesson plans.

Discourse, Field-Configuring Events, and Change In Organizations Shell Essay

Discourse, Field-Configuring Events, and Change In Organizations Shell - Essay Example In an attempt to determine the safest and environmentally friendly way to dispose its spar, the company considered to dispose its Brent Spar by sinking it in 6000 feet of Atlantic water. This move was undetermined since the disposal could possibly contaminate other seawater thereby leading to human and environmental dangers (Wheeler et.al, 2009, p. 19). Intentionally, the company ignored critical assumptions made by environmentalist regarding the disposal of this waste. The company was therefore faced with an environmental problem allegation mainly from Greenpeace. This includes regular oil spills, drainage of harmful water into a canal and emission of dangerous gases from the pump. Crime and unemployment were external ethical issues that faced the oil industry. It is cited that the Nigerian government did not utilize the profit earned from the company in infrastructural development and other economic activities that tend to improve economic growth. Instead, the government channels these funds to finance political party’s activities. Unemployment created insecurity within the nation. The government and the system of public officials were cited as the most corrupt in the globe. This was due to misappropriation of government funds, thereby increasing crime in the country. The Nigerian government has the largest number of shares in the company formed collaborations with other industries thereby diluting company’s operations. In this perspective, this strategy was against the will of other shareholders. Considering the initial attempts to take over the company, any collaboration made between the company and United State oil companies placed the company at risk, but the Nigerian government did not put into consideration the decisions of other shareholders when initiating this partnership. It therefore sets up joint ventures with other multinational oil companies (Wheeler et.al, 2009, p. 34). After negotiation and a long debate on proposed

Issues and trends on education all over the world & Magna Carta for Essay

Issues and trends on education all over the world & Magna Carta for Public School Teachers(philippines) - Essay Example (Papastergiou, Marina, 2008 – 2009) Such a trend puts an end to classroom monotony, reduces the work load of the teacher and at the same time making learning an enjoyable experience. According to the ‘Early Childhood Education Journal’ (2009) Educational Programs such as â€Å"Every Child Matters† â€Å"Education for all† and â€Å"Sure Start† and Kindergarten programs such as the ‘Froebelian kindergarten and the â€Å"Montessori† such as â€Å"Casa Die Bambini† (Children’s house) (Saracho, Olivia N.; Spodek, Bernard, 2009) Programs are all ‘Child – Centered’ and are very much in keeping with the contemporary educational patterns. Other trends in the field of education include the integration of research and the best educational practices during the learning experience in the classroom. Incorporating a highly competent faculty who are specialized in both theory and practice and a continuous professional development and upgrading of schools on a regular basis. Besides using multi-media for teaching in the Classroom, the education rendered should be child- centered and effective so it prepares the child for life in the society. is a declaration policy by the government that was brought about for promoting and improving the economic and social status for all the public school teachers. The policy Sought to improve both the working as well as living conditions of the teachers. It was the guideline in terms of strategies to be followed in terms of carrier prospects and employment in the teaching profession. (Sec.1) The Magna Carta had certain specifications regarding qualification and recruitment of teachers at different levels i. e. Kindergarten, primary, elementary, High School etc. It enumerates rules which cover the Conduct of teachers, Tenure of Service, period of probation, transfer and safeguarding issues, Administrative and

Factors Contributing To The Development Of Depression Social Work Essay

Factors Contributing To The Development Of Depression Social Work Essay Current research by Social Care Institute for Excellence, (SCIE), suggests that one person in six will become depressed at some point in their lives, and, at any one time, one in twenty adults will be experiencing depression. I will discuss the definition of depression and its interpretation along with the biomedical model, interpersonal, psychological and institutional perspectives. Then discuss the social, economic, environmental and political factors that contribute to the developing of depression and their relation to sociological and psychological theory with particular relevance to black and minority ethnic (BME) groups. In England and Wales the Mental Health Act 1983 defines mental disorder as: mental illness, psychopathic disorder and any other disability of mind. There is a dual role of legislation: providing for care while at the same time controlling people who are deemed to be experiencing mental disorder to the extent that they are at a risk to the public or themselves. World Health Organization WHO (2001), marks depression as when Capacity for enjoyment, interest, and concentration is reduced, and marked tiredness after even minimum effort is common. Sleep is usually disturbed and appetite diminished. Self-esteem and self-confidence are almost always reduced and, even in the mild form, some ideas of guilt or worthlessness are often present. Mental health is a contested concept which can be viewed from different medical, psychological and social perspectives, which lead to diverse views on what mental health is. Depression is a mental illness and, can affect anyone at different points in their lives, from every background and occupation. Categorizing populations as experiencing depression, involves making judgments by the use of scales of mental health and these judgments determine cut-off points on a continuum of mental health or illness and are socially constructed. A rating scale commonly used to measure the mental health of populations is the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A study by Singleton et al., (2001) found that 76 per cent of the participants, who reported symptoms of mental distress, did not receive any treatment from a health professional for their problems. Sainsbury (2002) study refers to a culture of fear within the BME populace. Causation is affected by the practitioners who diagnose and treat depression and the public perception of depression however there are many perspectives. Biomedical model focus on biological aspects of depression and look for symptoms that relate to diagnostic categories of mental disorder with a view that a sick body can be restored to health. Interpersonal perspectives on depression focus on individual people, experiencing mental distress, together with family and friends, psychologists and counselors also taking account of the views and experiences of service users and survivors. One such perspective is to see madness as a difference rather than an illness, like the social model of disability Oliver (2002). Peoples actions can be open to different interpretations which are influenced by the perspectives of those making the interpretation. However there are commonsense perspectives of depression including personal experience with the people in closest contact, a relative or friend, may form opinions of the likely causes of the distress. Their opinions may include aspects of the persons personality and recognize the impact of externa l stressors such as bereavement, debt or work demands. Overall they are more likely to emphasize the impact of social, rather than biological or psychological, factors. Psychological perspectives on depression explores unconscious thinking, possible past traumas and focuses on helping service users to realize their potential and focus on social support and psychological interventions. This has created the development of psychotherapeutic treatments or talking therapies, such as cognitive behavioural therapies (CBT) has become the psychological treatment of choice in many NHS-funded services. Advantages of CBT include having some support, someone to talk to and developing coping strategies. Disadvantages of CBT include The focus being on here and now, when the person might want to spend more time discussing past issues. CBT is a relatively effective way of helping someone deal with their distress that puts the client back in control of their life. Despite the evidence that has been collected to support the use of different psychological treatments, their effectiveness continues to be debated and funding is mainly offered in private practice or withi n institutions. (McLeod, 2000; Holmes, 2002) By contrast, the prescription route is a commonly referred to and accepted path with no self-criticism or self-awareness required. Institutional perspectives or psychiatric perspectives on depression hold biological and genetic theories of causation for depression, and prescribe biological and physical treatments. Psychiatric perspectives emphasize the diagnosis of symptoms of depression in order to place people into categories of illness. The influence of GPs and psychiatrists is powerful in determining what is and what is not considered to be a mental health problem. Psychiatrists have powers to detain patients for treatment against their will. Psychiatry, through its association with medicine, tends to take precedence over psychological and social perspectives. The bio-psychosocial model introduced by Engel (1980) acknowledges the interactions between the persons biology, their psychological makeup and their social situation as important in understanding their mental distress. It encourages a more holistic approach to treatment. However, it has not provided the hoped-for basis of an accepted multidisciplinary approach. The Social support perspectives believes social factors and the persons experiences cause depression and social support restores the mentally distressed person to wellbeing and social functioning. However it is also viewed as an addition to psychiatric treatment, where the service user is established on their medication, and social issues investigated. Puttnam cited in Gross (2005) refers to social capital as a supportive social atmosphere and discusses bridging and bonding ties and the absence of these can lead to social isolation. Cockerham (2007) makes the connection where depression and illness are most likely among those with little or no social capital. There is also a tendency for the individual to, once diagnosed, to play the sick role, Rosenhan (1975) refers to the stickiness of labels and Goffman (1961) refers to looping and deviancy amplification that is associated with stigmatization and labeling of individuals. However our social standing is not the only element that contributes to our sense of well being. The environment that we live and are brought up in greatly influence our health Ross (2000) cited in Cockerham (2007) compares advantaged and disadvantaged neighborhoods finding that higher levels of depression occur in the latter with individuals suffering psychologically because of their environment although there were links to their individualism female sex, younger age, ethnicity, low education, low income, unemployment, unmarried with the remainder from living in a poor neighbourhood. The daily stressors of living with crime, disorder and danger all link with symptoms of depression. Those living in clean and safe neighbourhoods showed low levels of depression. Distressing neighborhoods produce distress beyond that from individual disadvantage with poverty and single mother households the strongest predictor of depression. However the lack of choice and powerlessness of poverty make the emotional consequences of living in a bad neighbourhood worse. Poverty can lead to poorer mental health where access to employment and welfare benefits, can be seen as health-promoting activities. For most nations, spending on mental health promotion is low Appleby, (2004), and the resources put into mental health promotion are minuscule compared with those used for treating ill health. Schulz et al. (2000) cited in Cockerham (2007) found high psychological distress highest amongst blacks and whites living in high poverty areas, slum living conditions. Wilson and Pickett (2006) cited in Cockerham (2007) stated that stress , poor social networks , low self esteem , depression , anxiety, insecurity and loss of a sense of control are reduced and social cohesion in enhanced when income levels are more equal- however equalizing income is inherently political. Sir Donald Achesons Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report (1998) recommendations will require policy changes to occur with reference to changes in building design, planning and access to health care treatments, although most research data on interventions tend to be tested on white, middle aged well educated men and women therefore the efficacy with black or mixed ethnic BME is not proven. The report also links depression and anxiety with obesity and inactivity and encourages physical exercise as obesity and inactivity is increasing in lower socio economic classes. The media and the NIMBY phenomenon exemplifies the exclusion that often accompanies a diagnosis of depression. This raises issues of complex ethical and political issues along with human and civil rights. According to Blaxter (2004) health, disease and illness are social constructs; they are categories which have been named, and defined, by human beings. Bowers (1998) argues that diagnostic classification systems are culturally influenced, but involve: careful, detailed observation, publication and peer review. Psychiatric diagnoses are based on social judgments of behaviour and experiences. These judgments can be socially and culturally influenced. For example, you will automatically get well by travelling to a country where your beliefs are widely shared. This obviously does not happen with heart disease. Problems of subjectivity and unrecognized cultural assumptions may complicate the process of diagnosis. Neither minds nor bodies develop illnesses. Only people do (Kendall 2001). Recognition that both physical and mental factors are involved in mental distress could mean that a diagnosis of depression would be no more stigmatizing than having a heart condition. Foucault cited in Giddens (2006) was a post-structuralist theorist who believed that peoples views on depression are the results of discourse that exists to define and subjugate people in society. He also, through the process of social archaeology, examines how the issues of mental health existed in the past and how they are a modern conception of normal and deviant activity , defining them as a construct built on power in society and how that power operates , this therefore links in to social constructionist theory. Social constructionism is the belief that our understanding of depression as a reality, overlooks the processes through which the reality is constructed. Our current sociological thinking is one of a historic white male centred Eurocentric model with women historically viewed as hormonal creatures and this gender difference is still prevalent to day in the way we use language with gender differences in the way society defines these roles. Brown and Harris (1974) model of depression drew links with unhappy life events that can lead to depression when mixed with his four vulnerability factors which he identified as ; 3 or more children under 14, loss of mother before 11, lack of employment, lack of intimate confiding relationships. He established that these factors plus an unhappy life event led to 83% women became depressed with working class women more likely to become depressed. Kasen et al (2010) have conducted a study supporting the effects of enduring earlier stress both in childhood , poor health status and a more rapid deterioration in health and the effects this has on major depressive disorder on women in old age and the need to develop resources to counteract stress exposures in younger generations of women. These factors need to be considered in the understanding not only from a feminist perspective but also from a black perspective as black women are multiply disadvantaged, hooks cited in Giddens (2005). Immigration has played a major part in the creation of culturally diverse communities in UK society. The majority of the UK population in the National Census (2001) census was white (92 per cent). The remaining 7.9 per cent were from different minority ethnic groups. Karlsen et al. (2002) states that ethnic groups experience significant racism, unfair discrimination and social exclusion. This needs to be considered when understanding their mental health experiences. Social inequalities in education, employment and health disproportionately affect members of minority ethnic groups. This all leads to increased mental distress. Also black males lives are much harder as they have to live to a set of unconscious rules written in Westernised psychiatry which leads to their current diagnosis. People from minority ethnic groups find that mental health services are not sympathetic to their particular needs. A report from the Sainsbury Centre (2002) concluded, black people are disproportionate ly disadvantaged and their experiences of mental health services are characterised by fear and conflict. Delivering Race Equality was launched in January 2005 and requires health authorities, and NHS trusts to ensure equality of services. The Department of Health has set action goals for the mental health care of minority ethnic communities and service users; these include, reduction in fear and seclusion in mental health services. Race is a contested concept with the difference between race, having its origins in 18th and 19th century colonial assumptions about the differences between white and non-white people. The concept of race is socially constructed and is now embedded in how we identify, understand and think about people. Ethnicity is an alternative concept to race that is more acceptable to groups in society . Ethnicity refers to a sense of identity that is based on shared cultural, religious and traditional factors. Ethnic identities are always changing and evolving. Approaches to cross cultural psychiatry according to Pilgrim (2005) are either orthodox or skeptical. Orthodox definitions of depression state that culture shapes the expression and prevalence of mental disorder. Cultural sensitivity enables GPs to read symptoms and translate them into an orthodox, western diagnosis. A sceptical reading questions the validity of applying diagnostic labels from Western culture to other cultures. Cultural d ifferences lead to people explaining and experiencing depression in different ways. Imposing western diagnostic categories leads to misinterpreting the persons mental distress. It is important to be cautious in making cross-cultural comparisons in diagnosing with different illnesses being stigmatized in different cultures, and so expressed differently. Beck cited in Giddens (2005) felt that depressed peoples thinking is dominated by a triad of negative schema of, ineptness, self-blame and negative evaluation although this doesnt take into account any social factors that have impacted on the individual. Freud cited in Gross (2005) thought that people were victims of their feelings. That the psycho-analytical theory with fixation in psycho sexual stages and repressed desires feelings are what causes mental illness as the ego is unable to exert control over our feelings and this inability to express may cause anxiety and depression. He took this further with enforcing the belief of intra psychic loss, loss of sense of self, esteem, loss of job or the loss of a major sustaining relationship. Hayes (1998) links Bowlbys functionalist perspective in his attachment theory being the loss of significant carer and lack of maternal attachment had far reaching effects. Skinner cited in Gross (2005), believed in radical behaviourism and that lea rning is conditioned and emphasized the role of environmental factors. Seligman (1974) takes a humanistic approach purporting that learned helplessness is a cognitive psychological explanation of depression, where there is learned helplessness and passivity, people become dependant and unable to make decisions for themselves. Oakley (2005) remarks on the tendency for women to specialize in mental illness and that many more women in Westernized society are classified as having neurotic disorders and women dominate in psychosomatic disorders. A correlation exists in the study of mental illness being higher in men living alone and higher in married women however women are also suffers of post partum depression which is viewed by society through the biomedical viewpoint. Oakley (2005) places this within the self perception and ideals within a male patriarchal culture where women have been, historically, subject to social, economic and psychological discrimination, as have black people. However we are all damaged in some extent, this being a state of humanity; however, connectedness is not possible without the qualities of vulnerability, weakness, helplessness and dependency. A paradox exists in that all these qualities are seen as feminine, and are, not only negatively described, but are also associated with depression. This also links to learned helplessness as a psycho social explanation that women are gendered and stereotyped into this through socialization Weissman et al (1982). Calhoun et al (1974) established data that indicated a trend for females to hold themselves more responsible for unhappy moods than males. There are a myriad ways of thinking, behaving and experiencing the world through a combination of care and control using medical, psychological, and social support with interventions done to reduce negative factors such as poverty , unemployment racism etc, and promote social inclusion. Research will play a large part as new factors are established as demonstrated in the recently publicized link between teenagers sleep patterns and depression Gangwisch et al. (2008) Word Count 2747

then who do we believe? Essays -- essays research papers fc

The Ultimate Dilema   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are several safety precautions that we as humans take to ensure our safety. Humans most commonly test things before selling or using them. This can avoid liability and make sure products are safe. Cosmetics are among the many types of products that are being tested such as fragrances, toiletries, and cosmetics that are tested on millions of animals each year. This has created several controversies between animal rights activists and cosmetic manufacturers. Especially in the European Union Council of Ministers where they want to ban animal testing as soon as they can develop enough alternatives (Milmo, 6). This is because several animals are used in experimentations to test if products are safe for us to use. Tests like the Draize Irritancy and Skin Tests, where products are put in the eyes of rabbits to test irritations, and the LD50, where several animals are exposed to a chemical are considered ways of torture. But luckily several corporations are discover ing new and reliable ways to replace animals with science and technology to help reduce the amount of animals used. So because testing on animals are absolutely necessary for our safety, as consumers, we do not have the right to use animals in this type of manner, but we should reduce the amount of tests by replacing many with alternatives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although this seems wrong, it is the ultimate necessity for human safety in cosmetic use. Animals have been used in cosmetic safety testing primarily because they share similarities to humans. They are quick and easy to use because they live short lives and are easily accessible. Most animals are raised only for testing, and experimentation is really all that they know. So they really are not taken out of their natural habitat for testing. Testing has been so important to corporations because they are trying to avoid being branded as unsafe. Testing also has been so important that they help avoid liability lawsuits and bad publicity from unsafe products (Hunter, 30).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It all started in 1933 when a woman wanted to thicken her eyelashes. But after applying the dye to her lashes and accidentally to her eyes, she suffered for about three months. This woman, that the Federal Drug Administration calls â€Å"Mrs. Brown†, eventually went blind. Congress then passe... ...re are so many alternatives available now there really should not be a reason why a corporation would not reduce the amount of animals used. The newer techniques offer chances to obtain data faster, less expensively, and more humanely (Hunter, 26).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Works Cited Anthes, Gary H. â€Å"P&G Uses Data Mining to Cut Animal Testing.† Computer World 33 (1999): 44-45. Finsen, Lawrence, Susan Finsen. The Animal Movement in America: From Compassion to Respect. New York: Twayne, 1994. Fox, Michael Allen. The Case For Animal Experimentation: An Evolutionary and Ethical Perspective. London: University of California Press Ltd., 1986. Hunter, Beatrice Trum. â€Å"New Alternatives in Safety Testing.† Consumer Research Magazine 83  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (2002): 26- 30. McCoy, J.J. Animals in Research: Issues and Conflicts. New York: Franklin Watts, Inc., 1993. Milmo, Sean. â€Å"Ultimate Showdown Looms For Animal Tested Cosmetics.† Chemical Market Reporter 261 (2001): 6, 28. Planet for the Taking Series: Ultimate Slavery: Dir. Nancy Archibald. Film Incorporated. .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

How far is the pardoners tale gothic? Essay

The gothic genre, thought to be introduced in 1769 by Horace Walpole’s noel The Castle of Otranto, was remembered for its crude, grotesque, exaggerated nature. Although in medieval times the Gothic movement had not commenced, Chaucer’s can be considered a forerunner to this movement as many aspects in the pardoners tale are clear gothic, however Chaucer did not perceive his writing as Gothic, he did not intentional write a Gothic tale like later authors did. The pardoner’s tale is considered the most Gothic out of all the ‘Canterbury Tales’ as it is the most abundant with gothic elements. These elements include Chaucer’s description of the Pardoner, the attractiveness of evil in the text, the presence of supernatural and horror, the digressions, and the personification of death. It’s because of the gothic elements this text that modern interpretations have viewed The Pardoners’ Tale as one of the earliest examples of a Gothic tex t. A common element that is found in the gothic style is the breaking of conventional moral or ethnic code. Morals and ethics in the 13th century originated from the Church which had the authority in medieval England. The Church was known by many to be corrupt because of its hypocrisy and exploitation of the society. Common peasants in the society were expected to be 10% of their wage to the Church, which is how it attained its extraordinary wealth. Although the majority of people were aware of the Churches corruption no one would challenge it in fear of the punishment of eternal hell therefore the Churches established authority was able to prevail while the people carried on being exploited. Chaucer acknowledged this corruption, and with his presentation of the Pardoner he attacks the established Church. The Pardoner breaks all of the moral conventions set by the Church, his fraudulent nature is exposed by Chaucer as â€Å"he hadde a pilwe-beer, which that he seyde was Oure Lady veyl.† The role of the Pardoner in society was to allow people to buy pardons for their sins from him. There were gullible or fear stricken people who would often do this, in fear that their sins would prevent them from going to heaven, the Pardoner was one of the most corrupt of the clergy and is a perfect exampl e of the corruption of the Church in Medieval England, Chaucer shows the Pardoner’s exploitation as he uses a pillow case to claim it was Mary’s veil. This would have shocked and horrified the minority of readers who would have had hope for their salvation through the  Pardoner. From the Pardoners description in the General Prologue it’s also clear that he breaks conventions of the Church as he unusually rides with â€Å"hood, for jolitee, wered he noon† just in the fact he doesn’t wear his cap shows that he’s not as dedicated to the Church as he likes to portray, it also hints at vanity which in medieval times was considered a sin. There are more inferences in his description that hint he breaks conventions of the Church. He is described to have â€Å"heer as yelow as wex† which is significant as the blonde hair was usually associated with cunningness, reinforcing the Pardoner as a sinister character. Blonde hair was also associated with effeminacy, it’s clear that he had intentions of making the Pardoner into a feminine character as he had â€Å"no berd† and â€Å"he were a geldyng or a mare.† Chaucer’s mockery of the pardoner’s manhood has lead to many modern interpretations of the Pard oner as a homosexual. This would have been subtle to the medieval audience as homosexuality was not the same in the middle ages, however, to those readers who picked up on this undertone, it would have horrified them as this went against all the moral and ethnics they’d been taught. Chaucer’s presentation of the pardoner breaks morals that the Church set, and therefore is a convention that most modern interpretations would recognise as being Gothic. *The text is filled with a macabre atmosphere; this is particularly achieved with Chaucer’s depiction of the attractiveness of evil. Avarice is one of the most stated sins preached in the Pardoners tale, to the contemporary medieval Christian, avarice was strongly against their morals. Avarice was considered a curse and the Pardoner refers to it as â€Å"swich cursedness† because it takes away people’s attention from trying to achieve eternal life. In the tale, the attractiveness of avarice is evidently shown in the presentat ion of treasure found by the rioters â€Å"florins fine of gold, y-coined rounde †¦ so faire and brighte’, a ‘precious hoord.† The young rioters are clearly overpowered by the lust of riches and money, this is echoed by the Pardoners own lust for money, despite preaching ‘radix malorum est cupiditas’ he commits avarice as his daily job. The medieval doctrine would condemn this for the reason that he jeopardises other people’s chance of achieving eternal life for his own profit. The Pardoner often preaches about various the sins that cause bodily corruption. Bodily corruption was viewed a sin as everyone was expected to take care of their body since it was given to them by the divine. The  pardoner preaches about gluttony, which destroys the body due to greed for food, the pardoner states that â€Å"corrupt was all this world for gluttony†, he also condemns sex and drinking, this makes it a chilling medieval tale as destroying one’s body was a haunting fear in the society. The most Gothic element that appears in the pardoner’s tale is the theme of death and the depiction of the supernatural in the mysterious man. In the 14th century England was hit with the black plague. This was a tragic disease that wiped out 70% of the population in London. As a consequence, death clearly surrounded everyday life. A common theme in medieval times was death. Many artists and authors personified death, this is most clearly shown in the picture â€Å" the dance of the dead† where death is represented as dancing skeletons. Chaucer also personifies death in the pardoner’s tale. Death in itself is a very gothic theme, it’s included in many later gothic texts, just as the works of Edgar Allen Poe, Stokers ‘Dracula’ and Wildes ‘Dorian Gray.’ The personification of death makes it chilling and horrifying as there’s no way to escape it. Countless Gothic texts, such as Frankenstein and Dracula embody their society’s biggest problems into their ‘supernatural.’ Since the black plague was a massive issue, the old man in the text represents death, one of society’s biggest problems. Chaucer, in his representation of the old man, perverts the usual depiction of them being wise and instead gives him an air of mystery. Mystery is key in Gothic literature; it tampers with the audiences emotions as they deal with the unknown. Chaucer presents the old man with an eerie atmosphere â€Å"this olde man gan loke in his visage.† This line would endorse a sense of horror into the reader as the man just stares at one of the young men. The pardoners tale follows many of the conventions of Gothic, although it was written many years before the Gothic period is thought to have started it’s still considered a Gothic text to an extent as it would have haunted the medieval audience.

The Fire Essay - 1243 Words

The door creaked open as the young boy stepped out but was quickly slammed shut by the viscous wind the noise echoed through the hills disturbing some pigeons roosting in the near by trees. The moon was illuminating the night sky with a milky glow which illuminated all land creating large disturbing shadows. The trees bent in submission to the howling wind which forced their branches to brush along the ground sweeping the dust away from the track. The solitary building which could barely be described as a house stood alone and solitary on the hillside. The walls were crumbling from the water logged plaster and only one window still contained a pain of glass. The door had almost come off its hinges†¦show more content†¦Then from nowhere a rogue cloud streaked across the sky to shield the moon from view. Suddenly the land turned black like some giant hand had just turned off the huge light floating in the sky. The moon fought hard to pierce the shield formed by the cloud but t o no avail. The cloud appeared to slow down as it passed by the moon but gradually it began to pass and then suddenly two large streaks of light shot out from the side of the moon the whole land gradually began to reappear under the moonlight. Within a matter of minutes the moon had reappeared from its shade and was shining with extra brightness to make up for the time which it was blocked. Once again the shadows of the trees began to dance in the moonlight. Swaying like mystical dancers in the wind. The child continued on his journey along the moonlit path leading up over a hill and off in to the distance. The road began to climb the boy slowed his pace wrapping his long trench coat even tighter round his small frail body. Suddenly the wind grabbed hold of his jacket pulling him back he fell and stumbled for a few seconds he sat there with his hands and knees resting on the ground. 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